Clinical psychologist Chloe Carmichael, author of "Can I Say That?," examines how free expression relates to psychological well-being and social trust. Carmichael argues that suppressing disagreement drives resentment and misperception, rather than resolving conflict. She also scrutinizes the role of safe spaces, the spread of therapeutic language, and what limits on speech might be justified in public versus private life.

[00:00] Introduction to Chloe Carmichael

[00:29] Mark’s Workplace Story

[02:33] Repression and Mental Health

[09:47] Reeducation versus dialogue

[13:58] Campus safe spaces

[21:30] Public speech

[22:37] Therapy language and groupthink

[27:34] Academia echo chambers

[33:12] First Amendment Limits

[43:16] Cultural Social Norms

[56:44] Why Censorship Backfires

[01:00:25] Five Ds and Violence

[01:01:52] Closing Remarks

Read Carmichael's book, "Can I Say That?: Why Free Speech Matters and How to Use It Fearlessly," here: https://www.amazon.com/Can-Say-That-Matters-Fearlessly/dp/151078490X

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Amy Wax joins us to discuss the ideological landscape of higher education. Wax reflects on her conflict with the University of Pennsylvania and argues that universities have become increasingly hostile to conservative viewpoints. The conversation explores ideological bias on campus, academic freedom, and the challenges conservatives face within modern higher education.

[00:00] Welcome to the Discussion

[00:23] Amy Wax and Penn Suspension

[07:01] Lawsuit and Double Standards

[15:01] Speech Versus Action Rules

[25:33] Why Academia Stays One Sided

[35:29] Classroom Power Imbalance

[40:14] Public Private Speech Rules

[44:18] Feminization And Wokeness

[50:58] Facts Versus Ideology

[53:47] COVID And Contested Facts

[58:06] Race IQ And Censorship

[01:02:06] Equity Meritocracy Clash

[01:08:27] Closing Comments

Tomás Bogardus joins to discuss his book "The Nature of the Sexes" and argues for a reproductive-functional account of biological sex. According to Bogardus, males and females are defined by the reproductive function their bodies are structured to perform: producing sperm or eggs. Even when that function is not realized and no sperm or eggs are produced, a person’s sex remains the same, because it is grounded in biological organization. To defend this view, Bogardus considers intersex and DSD cases, critiques contextualist accounts that treat sex as domain-dependent, and argues for a unified meaning of “male” and “female.” The conversation later turns to whether sex is essential or changeable, as well as debates about pronouns, sports, and medical interventions for minors.

[00:00] Introduction to the Debate on Sex

[00:23] The Delivery Room Thought Experiment: "It’s a Boy/Girl"

[02:04] Sex as Reproductive Function

[07:41 ]Gametes, Competitor Theories, and the Non-Producers Objection

[11:29] Intersex & DSD Cases

[19:23] Contextualism and Cluster Concepts: Sex in Sports, Bathrooms, Dating?

[26:23] Conjunction Reduction & Animal Examples: Rooster vs Crocodile

[30:24] One Unified Meaning of Sex Terms

[32:06] Are ‘Man’ and ‘Woman’ Social Roles or Biological Sexes?

[37:15] Is Sex Essential or Contingent? Souls, Brains, and Hylomorphism

[42:23] Surgery and Embryo Gene Editing

[47:15] Fairness in Sports/Prisons

[54:38] Should Gender-Affirming Medical Care for Minors Be Criminalized?

[01:04:09] Conclusion

Read "The Nature of the Sexes: Why Biology Matters": https://www.routledge.com/The-Nature-of-the-Sexes-Why-Biology-Matters/Bogardus/p/book/9781041029533

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