Camden, Margaret, and guest David discuss if bird bones are hollow so birds can fly (6:48) and whether everyone sees things the same way in their mind (22:09).

Camden's Misconception: Bird bones are hollow so birds can fly

Citations:

• "What If? 2" by Randall Munroe
• The Science of Birds Podcast — "How Birds Breathe"
• "Bone Density and the Lightweight Skeletons of Birds" by Elizabeth Dumont, UMass Amherst
• Discovery — "Why Do Birds Have Hollow Bones?"
• Montana Natural History Center — "Avian Adaptations"
• Bird Spot — "How Birds' Skeletons Evolved For Flight"
• Wilderness Awareness School — "Bird Skeletons and Avian Physiology"

David's Misconception: We all see things the same way in our minds

Citations:

• Zeman et al. (2015) — "Lives Without Imagery: Congenital Aphantasia." Cortex
• Zeman (2024) — "Aphantasia and Hyperphantasia: Exploring Imagery Vividness Extremes." Trends in Cognitive Sciences
• Dance, Ipser & Simner (2022) — "The Prevalence of Aphantasia in the General Population." Consciousness and Cognition
• Marks (1973) — Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ). British Journal of Psychology
• Kay et al. (2022) — "The Pupillary Light Response as a Physiological Index of Aphantasia." eLife
• Pearson (2019) — "The Human Imagination: The Cognitive Neuroscience of Visual Mental Imagery." Nature Reviews Neuroscience
• Milton et al. (2021) — "Behavioral and Neural Signatures of Visual Imagery Vividness Extremes." Cerebral Cortex Communications
• Bainbridge et al. (2021) — "Quantifying Aphantasia Through Drawing." Cortex
• Wicken et al. (2021) — "The Critical Role of Mental Imagery in Human Emotion." Proceedings of the Royal Society B

Camden and Margaret discuss whether vampire bats actually suck blood and whether antibacterial soap is better for you than regular soap.

Camden and Margaret discuss if asteroids really look like cratered potatoes (2:52) and whether you have to lose consciousness to have a concussion (11:49).

Camden's Misconception: Asteroids look like little potatoes with craters

Citations:

• "What If? 2" by Randall Munroe
• NASA Space Place - Asteroids
• Scientific American
• CalTech Cool Cosmos

Margaret's Misconception: As long as you're conscious, it's not a concussion

Citations:

• Concussion Recognition Tool from the Concussion in Sport Group
• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
• CDC - TBI Data 2024
• Mayo Clinic - Concussions
• "Concussion" by Nitin Agarwal, Rut Thakkar, Khoi Than for the American Association of Neurological Surgeons

What We're Consuming:

• Camden: "The Thursday Murder Club" by Richard Osman
• Margaret: "The Dog's Best Friend Game" board game

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