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  • The Massacre of Chinese in Manila 1603: A Colonial Tragedy

    The Massacre of Chinese in Manila 1603: A Colonial Tragedy
    2026/06/08
    In 1603, a Chinese rebellion in Manila's Parian district ended in a massacre that left an estimated 15,000 to 25,000 Sangley dead. This episode revisits the events leading up to the uprising: the growing population of Chinese merchants and laborers in the Spanish colony, the tensions over trade restrictions and forced labor, and the role of the colonial authorities in the violence. We explore the aftermath—how the massacre reshaped Spanish policy, deepened the divide between Sangley and mestizo de sangley communities, and left a lasting scar on Philippine-Chinese relations. Lucas and Luna also touch on the mysterious visit of three Chinese mandarins in 1603, which sparked Spanish paranoia about an invasion. This is a painful but essential chapter in the history of the Philippines, one that reveals the fragility of colonial society and the human cost of empire. #Sangley #Manila1603 #ChineseMassacre #PhilippineHistory #SpanishColonial #Parian #MestizoDeSangley #GómezPérezDasmariñas #Intramuros #ColonialViolence #PhilippineChinese #MingDynasty #Empire #SoutheastAsia #History #FexingoHistory #Colonialism #Manila Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    8 分
  • The Ifugao Bulol: Rice Gods and Spirit Protection in the Cordillera

    The Ifugao Bulol: Rice Gods and Spirit Protection in the Cordillera
    2026/06/07
    This episode of The History of the Philippines delves into the sacred Ifugao bulol, the carved rice god statues that guard the famed Banaue Rice Terraces. Lucas explains to Luna how these figures are not mere art but living spirits in Ifugao cosmology, tied to ancestor worship and agricultural rituals. They discuss the materials and carving traditions, the role of the mumbaki priest in consecrating bulol, and the shift from functional deity to tourist souvenir after World War II. The episode also touches on the Hudhud chants, the prestige economy of the Cordillera, and how museums and collectors have impacted Ifugao culture. Along the way, they reflect on the resilience of Ifugao traditions amid Spanish and American colonization. #Ifugao #Bulol #RiceGods #BanaueRiceTerraces #Cordillera #PhilippineHistory #SoutheastAsia #AncestorWorship #Hudhud #Mumbaki #PreColonialPhilippines #IndigenousReligion #SpiritStatues #WoodCarving #CulturalHeritage #FexingoHistory #History #Colonialism Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    13 分
  • The Ifugao: Banaue Rice Terraces and Filipino Identity

    The Ifugao: Banaue Rice Terraces and Filipino Identity
    2026/06/07
    Deep in the Cordillera mountains of Luzon lies a marvel of pre-colonial engineering: the Banaue Rice Terraces, carved into steep mountainsides by Ifugao ancestors over two thousand years ago. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore how these terraces were built without metal tools, how they function as a living cultural landscape, and what they reveal about Ifugao society before and during Spanish colonization. We discuss the hudhud chants, the role of the bulol (rice gods), the Spanish failure to subjugate the highlands, and the modern threats to the terraces from tourism and climate change. We also touch on the 1995 UNESCO designation, the myth that the terraces were built by early Chinese settlers, and the ongoing efforts of Ifugao elders to preserve their heritage. A story of resilience, irrigation, and identity carved into stone and rice paddies. #BanaueRiceTerraces #Ifugao #Philippines #Cordillera #RiceTerraces #Precolonial #PhilippineHistory #Hudhud #Bulol #UNESCO #SoutheastAsia #Indigenous #SpanishColonization #CulturalLandscape #Irrigation #Rice #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    10 分
  • The Basi Revolt of 1807: Ilocano Wine Rebellion Against Spain

    The Basi Revolt of 1807: Ilocano Wine Rebellion Against Spain
    2026/06/06
    In 1807, Ilocano farmers in the town of Piddig rose up against Spanish authorities over a drink: basi, a sugarcane wine that had been a staple of community life for centuries. The Spanish government had declared a monopoly on basi production and sales, crushing local livelihoods and traditions. Led by Pedro Mateo and Maria Salome, the rebels marched from Piddig toward the provincial capital, gathering supporters along the way. The Spanish governor, fearing a full-scale uprising, sent troops armed with muskets to confront the rebellion at the Bantaoay River. The battle was brief but bloody, with dozens of rebels killed and the leaders captured and executed. Yet the Basi Revolt left a lasting legacy: it became a symbol of Ilocano resistance against colonial oppression and economic control. This episode explores the revolt's causes, key figures, and its place in the broader context of Philippine resistance movements, drawing on Spanish accounts and Ilocano oral traditions. #BasiRevolt #Ilocano #Piddig #PedroMateo #MariaSalome #Basi #PhilippineHistory #SpanishColonial #WineRebellion #1807 #Ilocos #SugarcaneWine #Estanco #Indio #Gobernadorcillo #PhilippineRevolts #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    6 分
  • The First Filipina: Gabriela Silang and the Ilocano Revolt

    The First Filipina: Gabriela Silang and the Ilocano Revolt
    2026/06/06
    In 1763, as British forces occupied Manila, a young Ilocana widow named Gabriela Silang picked up her husband Diego's rebellion and led thousands of fighters through the mountains of northern Luzon. This episode traces her journey from a quiet life in Vigan to commanding an army, forging alliances with the Igorot, and becoming the first Filipina to lead a major revolt against Spanish rule. We explore how the Bourbon Reforms, the galleon trade's decline, and the British invasion created the conditions for rebellion, and how Gabriela's brief but fierce campaign ended in her public execution. Yet her legacy endured: a symbol of women's leadership in Philippine history, a figure in the nationalist imagination, and a reminder that colonial resistance took many forms. Along the way, we touch on the principalía class, the role of the mestizo de sangley, and the rugged terrain of the Ilocos coast. #GabrielaSilang #IlocanoRevolt #PhilippineHistory #PhilippineRevolution #DiegoSilang #Vigan #IlocosSur #SpanishColonial #BourbonReforms #Principalia #MestizoDeSangley #Igorot #WomenInHistory #ColonialResistance #1760s #Luzon #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    9 分
  • The Galleon Trade's End: Global Crises and Philippine Shifts

    The Galleon Trade's End: Global Crises and Philippine Shifts
    2026/06/05
    The end of the Manila Galleon trade in 1815 was not a quiet footnote but a seismic economic and social shift that reshaped the Philippines. This episode explores how the termination of the silver-for-silk route, driven by Latin American independence wars and Spanish bankruptcy, devastated Manila's Chinese mestizo merchant class, forced a reorientation toward cash crops like sugar and hemp, and accelerated the rise of the ilustrado elite. We examine the 1810 Cádiz Reforms, the Real Compañía de Filipinas, and the crisis of the situado. Lucas and Luna uncover how this global disruption, combined with the loss of Mexico as a colonial partner, pushed the Philippines from a trade entrepôt to an agricultural colony, setting the stage for the economic tensions that would simmer into the 19th century. Key figures include Governor José Basco y Vargas, the Bourbon Reforms, and the early ilustrado thinkers who began questioning colonial ties. #ManilaGalleon #GalleonTrade #PhilippineHistory #SpanishColonial #1815 #BourbonReforms #RealCompañíaDeFilipinas #CádizReforms #Ilustrado #CashCrops #SugarHemp #ChineseMestizos #LatinAmericanIndependence #Situado #JoséBascoYVargas #GlobalTrade #ColonialCrisis #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    7 分
  • The Basi Revolt of 1807: Ilocano Wine Rebellion Against Spain

    The Basi Revolt of 1807: Ilocano Wine Rebellion Against Spain
    2026/06/05
    In 1807, the Ilocano town of Piddig erupted in rebellion against the Spanish colonial government's monopoly on basi, a sugarcane wine that was central to Ilocano social and ritual life. This episode tells the story of the Basi Revolt, led by Pedro Mateo and Maria Salome, who mobilized thousands of peasants armed with bolos and bamboo spears. We explore the economic pressures of the estanco de basi, the cultural significance of the wine, the brutal Spanish retaliation, and the legacy of resistance in the Ilocos region. Drawing on primary sources from Spanish archives and Ilocano oral traditions, we examine how a drink became a symbol of defiance. We also touch on the connections to other revolts, like the earlier Daragang Magayon revolt and the later Tobacco Monopoly uprisings. This episode offers a window into the everyday lives of Filipinos under colonial rule and the small acts of resistance that shaped national identity. #BasiRevolt #Ilocos #PedroMateo #MariaSalome #Piddig #EstancoDeBasi #SpanishColonialPhilippines #PhilippineRevolts #SugarcaneWine #IlocanoCulture #1807 #FexingoHistory #PhilippineHistory #SoutheastAsianHistory #Resistance #ColonialExploitation #History #Podcast Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    10 分
  • The Fall of Manila 1762: British Occupation and Filipino Resistance

    The Fall of Manila 1762: British Occupation and Filipino Resistance
    2026/06/04
    In October 1762, British forces from Madras landed near Manila and captured the Spanish capital in just ten days. But the conquest didn't extend beyond the city walls. This episode explores the British occupation of Manila from 1762 to 1764, a little-known chapter that exposed Spanish weaknesses and triggered uprisings like the Silang revolt in Ilocos and the Palaris revolt in Pangasinan. We discuss how Archbishop Rojo surrendered, how the Real Audiencia operated in exile in Bacolor, and how the British failed to collect the ransom they demanded. The Spanish governor-general had died in the bombardment, leaving a vacuum that the British tried to exploit by offering trade concessions to Chinese mestizos and indios. But Filipino resistance, led by figures like Diego Silang and Juan de la Cruz Palaris, kept British control confined to Manila and Cavite. We also look at the long-term consequences: the British burned the fortifications, withdrew after the Treaty of Paris, and left Spain bankrupt and humiliated. This occupation planted seeds of Filipino self-reliance and contributed to the Bourbon reforms that followed. Special attention to the siege of the walled city Intramuros, the role of the Philippine-born soldiers, and the unlikely alliance between British and Filipino rebels. #BritishOccupationOfManila #SilangRevolt #PalarisRevolt #Intramuros #RealAudiencia #DiegoSilang #JuanDeLaPalaris #ArchbishopRojo #Bacolor #Cavite #TreatyOfParis1763 #BourbonReforms #18thCentury #PhilippineHistory #ColonialWarfare #SoutheastAsianHistory #FexingoHistory #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    7 分