検索キーワード： 著者 "Popular Culture and Religion." すべてのカテゴリー

The Absentee by Maria Edgeworth. Published in 1812, “The Absentee” by Maria Edgeworth examines social injustice in 19th-century Britain. At that time, the management of many Irish estates suffered from the absenteeism of their Anglo-Irish landlords. We meet Lord and Lady Clonbrony. Lord Clonbrony struggles with debt, while Lady Clonbrony tries to shed her Irish connections and earn status in London’s high society (known as “the ton.”) Meanwhile, their son, Lord Colambre, is wary of the entanglements of that society and escapes to the family estate in Ireland, where he discovers ...

Ramona by Helen Hunt Jackson. Set in Old California in the wake of the Mexican-American War, Ramona is two stories at once. It is the story of the love between a part-Native American orphan girl, Ramona, and Alessandro, a young Indian sheepherder. It is also the story of racial prejudice and the clash between cultures as California changes from a Spanish colony to an American territory. Ramona is the ward of Señora Gonzaga Moreno, who despises the girl for her race but honors the dying wish of the Señora's sister, Ramona's foster-mother, to raise her as her own. Señora Moreno embodies the...

Chance by Joseph Conrad. "You are the expert in the psychological wilderness," the nominal narrator of this engaging tale says at one point to Marlow, who in practice serves as this novel's chief discoverer of hidden events, and commentator on the vagaries of human behaviour. In "Chance", these are notable chiefly in the actions of various parties — some well-meaning, some blinded by their own lofty idealism, and others frankly exploitative — who in various ways meddle in the fate of Flora de Barrall, an innocent young woman who just happens to be the only child of a fascinatingly bland ...

Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, and ultranationalist political ideology and movement that rose to prominence in early-20th-century Europe. Fascism is characterized by support for a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived interest of the nation or race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy. Opposed to communism, democracy, liberalism, pluralism, and socialism, fascism is at the far-right of the traditional left–right spectrum. ...

Rose in Bloom by Louisa May Alcott. "Rose in Bloom" by Louisa May Alcott is a novel published in 1876. This sequel to "Eight Cousins" follows Rose Campbell as she returns from Europe and navigates nineteenth-century society. Determined to pursue philanthropy and maintain her independence, Rose must contend with family expectations about marriage and fortune. As her cousins vie for her attention and her adopted companion Phebe seeks to prove herself, Rose faces questions about love, social class, and what truly matters in choosing a life partner.

Deism. Deism is a philosophical and theological stance that affirms the existence of a supreme creator who established the universe through rational design but refrains from subsequent intervention, with knowledge of this deity derived exclusively from human reason and empirical examination of the natural order rather than from purported divine revelations or sacred texts. Emerging in seventeenth-century England, it traces its foundational articulation to Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury, whose 1624 treatise De Veritate outlined core tenets including the innate recognition of a ...

Taoism. Taoism, also romanized as Daoism, is an indigenous Chinese tradition encompassing philosophy and organized religion, both oriented toward aligning human life with the Dao, the ineffable cosmic process and underlying reality of the universe. Originating in the 6th century BCE, it traces its foundational ideas to Laozi (Lao Tzu), a semi-legendary figure credited with authoring the Daodejing (Tao Te Ching), a concise text of aphorisms emphasizing simplicity, spontaneity, and the principle of wu wei—effortless action in accordance with natural rhythms rather than coercive ...

The Reluctant Dragon by Kenneth Grahame. What would you do if you discovered a dragon living in a cave on a hill above your home? Make friends, read poetry together? It turns out that not all dragons are intent on pillaging the countryside. Some might actually enjoy peace, quiet, and the occasional banquet. The Boy of this story knows how to handle dragons, and life is good… until a knight in shining armor arrives in town to exterminate his friend! It doesn’t matter that it’s a “good” dragon — rules are rules, you know!

The Age of Reason by Thomas Paine. The Age of Reason; Being an Investigation of True and Fabulous Theology is a pamphlet, written by a British and American revolutionary Thomas Paine. The Age of Reason challenges institutionalized religion and challenges the legitimacy of the Bible, the central sacred text of Christianity. Published in three parts in 1794, 1795, and 1807, it was a bestseller in the United States, where it caused a short-lived deistic revival. Part 1 was written sometime in 1793, and attacks the concepts of divine revelation and inspiration. He urged his readers to employ ...

Fathers and Sons by Ivan Turgenev. The fathers and children of the novel refers to the growing divide between the two generations of Russians, and the character Yevgeny Bazarov has been referred to as the "first Bolshevik", for his nihilism and rejection of the old order. Turgenev wrote Fathers and Sons as a response to the growing cultural schism that he saw between liberals of the 1830s/1840s and the growing nihilist movement. Both the nihilists (the "sons") and the 1830s liberals sought Western-based social change in Russia. Additionally, these two modes of thought were contrasted with ...

As a Man Thinketh by James Allen. This book is about our thoughts and how they determine our actions and very being. A few quotes will give a good taste of the riches in this book: "A man is literally what he thinks, his character being the complete sum of all his thoughts." "Cherish your visions. Cherish your ideals. Cherish the music that stirs in your heart, the beauty that forms in your mind, the loveliness that drapes your purest thoughts, for out of them will grow all delightful conditions, all heavenly environment, of these, if you but remain true to them your world will at last ...

The Haunted Hotel, A Mystery of Modern Venice by Wilkie Collins. "The Haunted Hotel: A Mystery of Modern Venice" by Wilkie Collins is a mystery novel written during the late 19th century. The story centers around Doctor Wybrow, a renowned London physician, who encounters a mysterious lady seeking his help concerning her mental state, while hints of a deeper intrigue involving her unexpected marriage, her troubled past, and the enigmatic circumstances surrounding her fiancé emerge. The beginning of the novel introduces Doctor Wybrow as he reluctantly agrees to see a foreign lady, described ...

The Girl on the Boat by P. G. Wodehouse. Also published as "Three Men and a Maid". The maid of the title is red-haired, dog-loving Wilhelmina "Billie" Bennet, and the three men are Bream Mortimer, a long-time friend and admirer of Billie, Eustace Hignett, a lily-livered poet who is engaged to Billie at the opening of the tale, and Sam Marlowe, Eustace's dashing cousin, who falls for Billie at first sight. All four find themselves on an ocean liner headed for England together, along with a capable young woman called Jane Hubbard who is smitten with Eustace, and typically Wodehousian romantic ...

Roughing It in the Bush by Susanna Moodie. 'Roughing It In the Bush' is Susanna Moodie's account of how she coped with the harshness of life in the woods of Upper Canada, as an Englishwoman homesteading abroad. Her narrative was constructed partly as a response to the glowing falsehoods European land-agents were circulating about life in the New World. Her chronicle is frank and humorous, and was a popular sensation at the time of its publication in 1852.

Voltaire and the French Enlightenment by Will Durant. In this Little Blue Book Number 512, Will Durant describes François-Marie Arouet, the writer, historian, and philosopher known as Voltaire (1694-1778) as "unprepossessing, ugly, vain, flippant, unscrupulous, even at times dishonest" and "tirelessly kind, considerate, ...as sedulous in helping friends as in crushing enemies." "My trade is to say what I think," wrote Voltaire, and he did so in ninety-nine "sparkling and fruitful" volumes. He advocated for freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and for the separation of church and state. ...

Mafia, 1946 Havana Conference. The 1946 Havana Conference was a pivotal December 22–26 summit of U.S. Mafia leaders, convened by Charles "Lucky" Luciano at the Hotel Nacional in Cuba. It solidified the Mafia's control over gambling and narcotics trafficking in Havana, reinforced Luciano’s leadership, and addressed the handling of Bugsy Siegel’s failing Flamingo Hotel in Las Vegas. - Key Organizer: Charles "Lucky" Luciano, who was in exile after being released from prison on the condition he leave the U.S.. - Significance: Considered the most important organized crime summit ...

Mafia, 1929 Atlantic City Conference. The 1929 Atlantic City Conference (May 13–16) was a landmark summit of U.S. organized crime leaders held at the Breakers Hotel, aimed at curbing violent territorial disputes and organizing bootlegging after the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre. Organized by Lucky Luciano and Meyer Lansky, it aimed to establish a national crime syndicate, with local boss Enoch "Nucky" Johnson providing a safe harbor. Key Details of the Conference:- Purpose: The summit addressed territorial disputes, distribution rights, and the restructuring of criminal operations ...

The Sicilian Mafia, or Cosa Nostra ("Our Thing"), is a powerful, secretive criminal organization originating in 19th-century Sicily. Rooted in local extortion and "protection" rackets, it evolved into an international syndicate involved in drug trafficking, money laundering, and political corruption. Despite major anti-mafia efforts in Italy, it remains active today. Key Aspects of the Sicilian Mafia: Origins: Began in the 1800s as a form of local, often violent, territorial control and land protection. Structure: Composed of independent "families" or cosche. A commission, or Cupola,...

American Mafia. The American Mafia, commonly referred to in North America as the Italian-American Mafia, the Mafia, or the Mob, is a highly organized Italian American criminal society and organized crime group. The terms Italian Mafia and Italian Mob apply to these American-based organizations, as well as the separate yet related Sicilian Mafia or other organized crime groups in Italy, or ethnic Italian crime groups in other countries. These organizations are often referred to by its members as Cosa Nostra (Italian: 'Our Thing') and by the American government as La Cosa Nostra (LCN). The ...

Your Invisible Power by Genevieve Behrend. Genevieve Behrend was a teacher of Mental Science, a New Thought discipline created by Thomas Troward (1847- 1916). Your Invisible Power, published in 1921, is her first and most famous book. It is a guide to the use of visualization and other mental processes in life enhancement and the achievement of personal goals.