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  • The Chibcha Calendar: Time in Pre-Columbian Colombia

    The Chibcha Calendar: Time in Pre-Columbian Colombia
    2026/06/08
    In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the sophisticated timekeeping system of the Muisca people, the Chibcha calendar. They delve into how the Muisca tracked solar and lunar cycles, the role of the jeque (priest-astronomers), sacred sites like Infiernito and Suamox, and how calendar cycles governed agriculture, rituals, and the famous El Dorado ceremony. The conversation also touches on the destruction of Muisca codices by Spanish conquistadors and the legacy of their astronomical knowledge. #Muisca #ChibchaCalendar #Infiernito #Suamox #Jeque #ElDorado #Guatavita #Bacatá #Zipa #PreColumbian #IndigenousAstronomy #Colombia #SouthAmerica #IndigenousHistory #Archaeoastronomy #SpanishConquest #FexingoHistory #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    7 分
  • The Chibcha Calendar: Time in Pre-Columbian Colombia

    The Chibcha Calendar: Time in Pre-Columbian Colombia
    2026/06/08
    Before the Spanish arrived, the Muisca people of the Colombian Andes tracked time with a sophisticated luni-solar calendar tied to agriculture, rituals, and the reign of their zipas. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore how the Muisca calendar worked—its cycles of twenty days, its sacred months like the month of planting and the month of the harvest, and its connection to the ceremony of El Dorado at Lake Guatavita. They discuss the role of the jeques (priests) in maintaining the calendar, the importance of solar alignments at places like the Infiernito archaeological site, and how the calendar shaped Muisca society and resistance. The conversation also touches on the calendar's disruption after the Spanish conquest and what fragments survive in colonial records. Specific names, dates, and terms include: Muisca, chibcha, zipa, jeque, Guatavita, Bacatá, Suamox, Infiernito, and the chronicles of Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada and Pedro Simón. #Muisca #Chibcha #Calendar #PreColumbian #Colombia #Indigenous #Timekeeping #Archaeoastronomy #Guatavita #ElDorado #Bacata #Jeques #Infiernito #SolarAlignments #Zipa #Conquest #IndigenousResistance #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    6 分
  • Colombia's 1922 Treaty of Salomón-Lozano: The Amazon Deal That Reshaped Borders

    Colombia's 1922 Treaty of Salomón-Lozano: The Amazon Deal That Reshaped Borders
    2026/06/07
    In 1922, Colombia and Peru signed the Salomón-Lozano Treaty, a bold diplomatic move that ceded Colombian territory in the Amazon for a corridor to the river. This episode traces the treaty's origins in the rubber boom's bloody aftermath, the political firestorm in Bogotá, and the 1932 Leticia conflict it sparked. We meet President Jorge Holguín, foreign minister Pedro Nel Ospina, and the Peruvian colonel Luis Acevedo, whose surprise takeover of Leticia sent Colombia to war. The treaty remains a cornerstone of Colombia's Amazonian identity, but its legacy is tangled in questions of national sovereignty, indigenous displacement, and the myth of a 'lost' territory. A story of maps, rivers, and the fragile peace between neighbors. #SalomónLozanoTreaty #ColombiaPeru #AmazonBorder #Leticia1922 #JorgeHolguín #PedroNelOspina #LuisAcevedo #RubberBoom #CasaAranda #Putumayo #Amazonas #ColombiaHistory #SouthAmerica #1920s #Diplomacy #BorderConflict #LeticiaConflict #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    9 分
  • The 1761 Revolt of the Comuneros in New Granada

    The 1761 Revolt of the Comuneros in New Granada
    2026/06/07
    In 1781, a rebellion erupted in the Viceroyalty of New Granada that nearly toppled Spanish colonial rule decades before the wars of independence. The Comunero Revolt, led by local leaders like José Antonio Galán, Juan Francisco Berbeo, and the indigenous Manuela Beltrán, began in the town of Socorro, Santander, over new tax hikes and the imposition of the alcabala and armada de barlovento. Thousands of farmers, artisans, and indigenous people marched on Bogotá, forcing the Spanish authorities to negotiate—only to be betrayed later. This episode explores the revolt's causes, its dramatic march, the key figure of Galán, and its brutal suppression. We discuss how the Comuneros foreshadowed later independence movements, the role of mestizo and indigenous unity, and the legacy of Galán, executed in Bogotá's Plaza de Bolívar. We also touch on the broader context of Bourbon Reforms, the Guajira rebellion, and the Túpac Amaru uprising in Peru. #Comuneros #NewGranada #JoséAntonioGalán #ManuelaBeltrán #Socorro #Santander #BourbonReforms #ColombianHistory #Independence #Alcabala #ArmadaDeBarlovento #18thCentury #ColonialRevolt #Mestizos #IndigenousResistance #Guajira #TúpacAmaru #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    10 分
  • The Thousand Day War: Colombia's Forgotten Civil War

    The Thousand Day War: Colombia's Forgotten Civil War
    2026/06/06
    In this episode, we delve into the Thousand Day War (1899-1902), a devastating civil war that shaped modern Colombia. Lucas and Luna explore the conflict's origins in the Regeneración period under Rafael Núñez, the centralist 1886 Constitution, and the bitter rivalry between Liberals and Conservatives. Key battles like Palonegro are discussed, along with the war's cost: over 100,000 dead, economic ruin, and the eventual separation of Panama in 1903. The episode highlights figures like Rafael Uribe Uribe and José Manuel Marroquín, and examines the Peace of Wisconsin that ended the war. It's a story of political intransigence, regional tensions, and a nation's painful path toward consolidation. #ThousandDayWar #ColombiaHistory #RafaelUribeUribe #Palonegro #JoséManuelMarroquín #Regeneración #1886Constitution #PeaceOfWisconsin #PanamaSeparation #LiberalConservative #Cundinamarca #Boyacá #MagdalenaRiver #USSWisconsin #19thCentury #CivilWar #SouthAmerica #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    7 分
  • Colombia's La Violencia: The Hidden Civil War After Bogotazo

    Colombia's La Violencia: The Hidden Civil War After Bogotazo
    2026/06/06
    When Jorge Eliécer Gaitán was shot on April 9, 1948, the Bogotazo erupted—but that day was only the beginning. What followed was a decade-long rural civil war known simply as La Violencia, a conflict that shaped modern Colombia more than any single event. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore how the bipartisan hatred unleashed after Gaitán's death spiraled into a war of peasant armies, conservative guerrillas, and liberal militias across the countryside. They examine the role of the Conservative Party's 'police of the mountains', the emergence of the 'chusma' liberal fighters, the 1953 coup of Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, and the amnesty that failed. They discuss key figures like 'El Cóndor' Laureano Gómez, the legendary guerrilla leader Guadalupe Salcedo, and the little-known Battle of El Turco. They also touch on the demographic upheaval—over 200,000 dead and millions displaced—and how La Violencia's unfinished business gave rise to the FARC and other armed groups decades later. This is a deep dive into the hidden war that Colombia has never fully acknowledged. #LaViolencia #Colombia #Bogotazo #JorgeEliécerGaitán #GuadalupeSalcedo #GustavoRojasPinilla #LaureanoGómez #FARC #CivilWar #History #SouthAmerica #Conservatives #Liberals #PeasantWar #PostBogotazo #LatinAmericanHistory #20thCentury #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    7 分
  • The 1886 Constitution: Centralism That Shaped Colombia

    The 1886 Constitution: Centralism That Shaped Colombia
    2026/06/05
    In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore Colombia's 1886 Constitution, a pivotal document that replaced the federalist Rionegro Constitution and established a centralist republic. They discuss the key figures behind it—Rafael Núñez and Miguel Antonio Caro—and the Regeneración movement that sought to restore order after decades of civil war. The conversation delves into how the constitution concentrated power in Bogotá, weakened regional autonomy, and set the stage for future conflicts, including the Thousand Day War and the eventual loss of Panama. They examine the tensions between the Catholic Church and secularism, the role of the presidency, and the suppression of dissent that characterized the era. Lucas highlights the constitution's long shadow over Colombian politics, from the Frente Nacional to modern-day peace processes. The episode also touches on the cultural impact, such as the naming of the Teatro Colón and the revival of Hispanoamerican identity. This is a deep dive into how a single document can shape a nation's trajectory for over a century. #Colombia #1886Constitution #RafaelNúñez #Regeneración #Centralism #MiguelAntonioCaro #ThousandDayWar #Panama #RionegroConstitution #CatholicChurch #Bogotá #TeatroColón #LaViolencia #FrenteNacional #History #FexingoHistory #SouthAmerica #ConstitutionalLaw Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    7 分
  • The Legend of El Dorado: How a Muisca Rite Became a Myth

    The Legend of El Dorado: How a Muisca Rite Became a Myth
    2026/06/05
    In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the origins of the El Dorado legend—a story that began not with gold but with a Muisca ceremony on Lake Guatavita. They trace how a new zipa's coronation ritual, in which a leader covered in gold dust offered treasures to the gods, was transformed by Spanish conquistadors into a myth of a lost city of gold. The conversation covers the historical context of the Muisca Confederation, the role of Lake Guatavita as a sacred site, and the disastrous attempts by conquistadors like Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada and later German adventurers to drain the lake in search of treasure. Lucas explains how the legend fueled expeditions into the Amazon and Orinoco basins, including Sir Walter Raleigh's ill-fated search, and how it shaped colonial ambitions and indigenous displacement. The episode also touches on modern archaeological efforts and the ongoing cultural significance of Guatavita to the Muisca people today. A nuanced look at how a grain of truth can be distorted into a myth that changes history. #ElDorado #Muisca #LakeGuatavita #Zipazgo #GoldMyth #SpanishConquest #GonzaloJimenezDeQuesada #WalterRaleigh #ColombianHistory #IndigenousRitual #Guatavita #Conquistadors #AmazonExpeditions #SouthAmerica #MythAndHistory #ColonialEra #FexingoHistory #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    6 分